Universal Fast Charging Specification (UFCS 1.0/2.0)

​UFCS (aka fusion fast charging protocol) is the charging protocol collaboratively developed by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), along with companies such as Huawei, OPPO, Vivo, and Xiaomi. It was announced as the first fast charging standard of China. It aims to address the complexity and lack of compatibility among existing fast-charging standards in the market. The specification was released on the 28th of May 2021.

By March 2024, 101 products passed UFCS certification.

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The technology assumed a continuous regulation approach, while the output voltage is classified into four programmable properties, including 5V, 10V, 20V, and 30V. It is similar to PD PPS in terms of voltage and current regulation in order to ensure direct battery charging, eliminating power conversion and inevitable energy losses and producing heat while charging.

These properties work in the following range:

• The 5V works in a range between 3.4V and 5.5V

• The 10V works in a range between 5.5V and 12V

• The 20V works in a range between 12V and 21V

• The 30V works in a range between 21V and 36V

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Charging using the UFCS protocol can be provided as from UsbC as UsbA charger ports, it depends on the charger manufacturer's implementation.

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UFCS 2.0

On May 22, 2025, Huawei, Honor, Oppo, and Vivo announced the use of the UFCS 2.0 charging protocol in their products.

The main changes in the new protocol compared to version 1.0 are:

• Permission to use unauthorized (non-certified) charging adapters, chargeable devices, and cables for charging at up to 40W. This step should improve the situation with the adaptation of the protocol by various manufacturers and consumers.

• Support for reverse charging, allowing users to charge other devices regardless of their brand.  

• The PowerChange feature becomes a mandatory component. It allows the charger to adjust the power in real time depending on the connected device. This ensures that chargers automatically detect the requirements of the connected device and adjust the output power accordingly, which improves both charging efficiency and user safety, especially when using third-party accessories.​​

Notes:

• 2024 August 14, it was announced by Realme that they have developed a "Supersonic" 320W charger, which is compatible with PD, SuperVOOC, and UFCS (320W ensured by 20V charging). This power can be achieved if a smartphone is equipped with a new 4-layer folded battery (4420 mAh) with layers connected in a sequence. No real smartphones exist on the market to support this charging technology with such a power level.