Universal Fast Charging Specification (UFCS 1.0/2.0)

​UFCS (aka Fusion Fast Charging Protocol) is a charging protocol developed by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) together with companies such as Huawei, OPPO, Vivo, and Xiaomi. It was announced as China's first fast-charging standard. It aims to address the complexity and lack of compatibility among existing fast-charging standards in the market. The specification was released on the 28th of May 2021.

​The technology provides continuous charging-power regulation, while the output voltage is divided into four programmable ranges: 5V, 10V, 20V, and 30V. In terms of programmable voltage regulation, UFCS is similar to PD PPS.

These properties work in the following range:

• 5V: 3.4V to 5.5V.

• 10V: 5.5V to 12V.

• 20V: 12V to 21V.

• 30V: 21V to 36V.

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Charging using the UFCS protocol can be provided either from USB-C or USB-A charger ports, depending on the charger manufacturer's implementation.

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UFCS 2.0

On May 22, 2025, Huawei, Honor, OPPO, and Vivo announced the adoption of the UFCS 2.0 charging protocol in their products.

The main changes in the new protocol compared to version 1.0 are:

• Support for operation without authentication at up to 40W, simplifying cross-brand compatibility between UFCS devices.

• Support for reverse charging, allowing users to charge other devices regardless of their brand.  

• The Power Change feature becomes a mandatory component. It allows the charger to adjust the power in real time depending on the connected device. This ensures that chargers automatically detect the requirements of the connected device and adjust the output power accordingly, which improves both charging efficiency and user safety, especially when using third-party accessories.​​

Notes:

• On August 14, 2024, realme introduced its 320W SuperSonic charging technology. The first USB-C port supports UFCS at up to 320W and SuperVOOC at up to 150W, while the second supports PD at up to 65W. The demonstration used a 4420mAh four-cell foldable battery whose cells are charged simultaneously. At the time of the announcement, the technology was not available in a production smartphone.