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SDP, CDP(BC1.2), DCP(BC1.2)

 

All these protocols work with USB-A and USB-C ports.

SDP - standard downstream port.

  • Defined by the USB 2.0 specification

  • Typically found in desktop and laptop computers

  • Support USB data transmission

  • For USB 2.0 it provides 0.1A when connected and 0.5A when configured for high power.

  • For USB3.0 it provides 0.15A when connected and 0.9A when configured for high power.

CDP - charging downstream port (Battery charging (BC)1.2 standard).

  • Higher current USB port

  • Used for PCs, laptops, and other hardware

  • Provides up to 1.5A

  • Support USB data transmission

DCP - dedicated charging port (Battery charging (BC)1.2 standard).

  • Developed for power sources like USB-chargers

  • Provides up to 1.5A

  • No support USB data transmission​

 

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PD (Power Delivery) 1.0/2.0/3.0/3.1/3.2

 

This charging protocol is designed specifically for USB-C to USB-C cables (USB3.1 standard or higher, Thunderbolt).

 

Some important facts:

  • Power can flow in both directions.

  • Allows low-power devices to negotiate for only the power they require.

  • It's the backbone for the implementation of many other fast charging standards like PPS, QC4/QC5 etc.

  • PPS as well as AVS are extensions of PD charging standard allowing gradually changing charging voltage and current.

  • PD3.1 brought EPR (Extended Power Range) mode allowing charging at 5A and voltage above 20V. Entering in EPR mode requires an EPR cable with e-maker chip which sends to a charger cable charging protocol parameters. Power range up to 100W starts calling SPR (Standard Power Range).

  • USB PD3.1 brings support for Display Port 1.4a video signals enabling devices to transmit high-quality audio and video signals up to 8K resolution over a single USB-C cable.

  • You may find here the cables overview and test split by 3 PD categories 60W/100W/240W.

 
Implementation of the PD protocol in products from various electronics manufacturers.

Apple:​

  • Apple products started support PD charging standard, so third party chargers which support PD standart can be used for the next Apple products without any issues:

    • iPhones since iPhone 15/15 Pro series.

    • iPad Pro since 2018, iPad Air (4th generation, 2020), iPad mini (6th generation, 2021)

    • MacBook since 2015

  • Apple MacBook laptops equipped with a MagSafe3 charging connector (supports charging up to 140W, PD3.1) should be charged using this connector and an original Apple UsbC-MagSafe3 cable.

  • Apple iPhones has no compatibility issues with 3d party PD chargers (UsbC port). The unique Apple PDO 14.5V2A is only available from Apple 29W charger (A1540 model).

  • Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A (up to 27W at 9V)

  • Apple IPhone 14 supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A and 14.5V2A (up to 25W at 9/14.5V)

  • Apple IPhone 14 Plus supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A and 14.5V2A (up to 29W at 9/14.5V)

  • Apple IPhone 14 Pro supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A and 14.5V2A (up to 25W at 9/14.5V)

  • Apple IPhone 14 Pro Max supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A and 14.5V2A (up to 25W at 9/14.5V)

  • Apple IPhone 15 supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A and 14.5V2A (up to 25W at 9/14.5V)

  • Apple IPhone 15 Plus supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A (up to 25W at 9V)

  • Apple IPhone 15 Pro supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A and 14.5V2A (up to 25W at 9/14.5V)

  • Apple IPhone 15 Pro Max supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A and 14.5V2A (up to 25W at 9/14.5V)

  • Apple IPhone 16e supports PD charging at 5V, 9V up to 3A (up to 25W at 9V)

  • Apple IPhone 16 supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 25W at 15V)

  • Apple IPhone 16 Plus supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 30W at 15V)

  • Apple IPhone 16 Pro supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 25W at 15V)

  • Apple IPhone 16 Pro Max supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 30W at 15V)

  • Apple iPhone 17 supports PD (non-AVS) charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 30W at 15V)

  • Apple iPhone 17 Air supports PD (non-AVS) charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 21W at 15V)

  • Apple iPhone 17 Pro supports PD (non-AVS) charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 30W at 15V)

  • Apple IPhone 17 Pro Max supports PD (non-AVS) charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 37W at 15V)

  • Apple iPad Mini 6 supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 24W at 15V)

  • Apple 10.9-inch iPad (10th Generation) supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 29W at 15V)

  • Apple iPad Air 5 supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 35W at 15V)

  • Apple iPad Air M3 supports PD charging at 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 31W at 15V)

  • Apple iPad Pro 2022 (M2) supports PD charging 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V up to 3A (up to 35W - 15V)

  • Laptop Apple MacBook Pro 2021 UsbC supports PD charging at 5V?, 9V, 12V, 15V, 20V up to 5A (up to9 5W at 20V)

  • Laptop Apple 13-inch MacBook Pro M2 (2022) supports PD charging at 5V?, 9V, 12V, 15V?, 20V up to 3A (up to 60W at 20V)

  • Laptop Apple 16-inch MacBook Pro (at least M1 max (2021) and M4 Pro) models support the following PDOs: 9V3A, 12V3A, 15V3A, 20V5A, 28V5A (PD3.1 140W).

  • Laptop Apple 14-inch MacBook Pro M4 (2024) supports PD3.0 (20V5A) (up to 96W from original Apple charger)

  • Laptop Apple Macbook Air M2 15-inch supports PD2.0/3.0 (5V,9V,12V,15V,20V - up to 70W at 20V).

  • Laptop Apple Macbook Air M4 13-inch supports PD2.0/3.0 (5V,9V,12V,15V,20V - up to 72W at 20V).

Samsung:

  • Samsung devices (since Samsung Galaxy Note 7) started adopting UsbC port and PD charging. Despite the fact that Samsung devices support PD standard, it is more beneficial for Samsung smartphone owner to use a charger (including third party chargers) which supports more efficient PD PPS standard. Please note that to charge Samsung devices at maximum power (this applies in particular to top-of-the-range smartphone series), you must use a 100W or 240W USB-C to USB-C cable capable of delivering 5A of current.

Google:

  • All Google Pixel smartphones support PD standard. Since Google Pixel 6/6 Pro models Google smartphones support more efficient PD PPS charging standard.

Others:

  • Laptop HP Omen Transcend 14 supports PD3.1 (140W)

  • Laptops Lenovo Legion Pro 7i Gen 9, Gen 10(2025) supports PD3.0 (100W) and 140W from proprietary UsbC charger.

  • Laptop Lenovo ThinkPad T470s supports PD65W (20V3.25A)
  • ​Lenovo LOQ 15IRX9 supports PD3.0(100W) и 140W from proprietary UsbC charger (documentation).​

  • Laptop ASUS ROG Strix SCAR 18 (2024) G834 supports PD3.0 100W (20V5A)

  • Laptop ASUS Zephyrus G14 2024 supports PD3.0 100W (20V5A)

  • Laptop Asus ROG flow X13 (GV302X model 2023) supports PD 100W (20V5A) as well as 130W via USB-C (USB4 combo port) using proprietary charging (20V6.5A) (documentation)

  • Laptop DELL Latitude 5421 supports PD3.0 90W (20V4.5A) and 130W via USB-C using proprietary charging (20V6.5A)

 

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USB-PD PPS (Programmable Power Supply), USB-PD AVS (Adjustable Voltage Supply) 

 

The PPS charging protocol was implemented with USB PD3.0. 

Thanks to the PPS, devices can gradually adjust the current and voltage in such a way that the device receives the best possible charging supply. PPS also ensures that you charge efficiently (almost eliminating DC-DC conversion while charging the battery), generate less heat, and, as a result, maintain the health of your battery.

It has variable voltages instead of the fixed 5V/9V/15V/20V profiles in USB-PD.  The voltage varies from 3.3 to 21 V in 20 mV (0.02V) steps and a current is specified in 50 mA steps to facilitate constant-voltage and constant-current charging. Data about changing supplying power is sent between the charger and the charging device every 10 seconds.

Charging modes for the latest PD3.2 PPS:

  • 3.3-5.9V/3A

  • 3.3-11V/3A

  • 3.3-16V/3A

  • 3.3-21V/3A

  • 3.3-21V/5A (requires 5A cable)

Some charger manufacturers implement a limited PPS range with max 20V which may not be compatible with devices requiring a maximum voltage of 21V in the PPS.

However implementing full PPS voltage range in low power chargers <110W creates the "power cliff" issue, which means that the max current level available only at max voltage and it is the same for the all voltages in PPS range, for example if 45W charger has PPS range 3.3-21V2.15A, the 2.15A limit will be at any voltage, for example at 9V with the resulting output power = 19.35W. 

​

The AVS charging protocol was implemented with USB PD3.1 and extended with PD3.2 allowing it to work within the standard power range (SPR) below 100W, down to a minimum of 9V.

In addition, under the Extended Power Range (EPR) mode, PD 3.2 adds “Peak Current”, enabling power supplies to safely handle short bursts of high-power loads—such as those required during heavy computing on high-performance laptops or smartphone charging at the beginning of the charging curve (in the middle and at the end of charging cycle power demand is decreasing).

AVS charging modes for the latest PD3.2:

  • (SPR AVS) 9-15V - 3A (27-45W)

  • (SPR AVS) 9-20V - 3A (45-60W)

  • (SPR AVS) 9-20V - 5A (60-100W) - requires 5A cable

  • (EPR AVS) 15-28V - 5A (up to 140W) - requires 5A EPR cable with e-maker chip

  • (EPR AVS) 15-36V - 5A (up to 180W) - requires 5A EPR cable with e-maker chip

  • (EPR AVS) 15-48V - 5A (up to 240W) - requires 5A EPR cable with e-maker chip​​

​

Known USB chargers with AVS SPR support:

  • Google Pixel Flex Dual Port 67W 2C - charging adapter supports PD3.2 SPR AVS (9–15V/4A, 15–20V/3.35A), PPS (11V/3A, 16V/4A, 21V/3.35A), and PD (5V/3A, 9V/3A, 15V/4A, 20V/3.35A).

  • Apple 40W (60w peak DPS) Dynamic Power Adapter - supports AVS 9-15V2.65A (3A peak), 15-20V/2A (3A peak), PD 5V3A, 9V3A). The adapter can handle 48W (20V2.4A) without any problems, and at a load of 60W DPS (20V3A) it can operate for about 20 minutes (depending on the ambient temperature), after which the power drops to the base 40W.

AVS vs PPS. AVS is similar to PPS in terms of dynamic charge voltage regulation and direct battery charging without unnecessary voltage conversion, but the difference is that AVS does not support Current Limit operation, and the output voltage is adjusted in a unit step of 100mV (which is more practical than 20mV for PPS because it better withstand electrical interference, such as cable loss and voltage ripple, ensuring the stability of voltage adjustment). PPS is limited to a maximum current of 100W, while AVS EPR can reach 240W.

PD, PPS, AVS, SPR, EPR protocols diagram

Diagram source: https://www.ti.com/document-viewer/lit/html/SSZTD49​​

​Other facts:

  • Qualcomm Quick Charge 5 is USB-PD PPS

  • Any USB-IF Certified Fast Charger must include PPS

  • MediaTek's Pump Express (PE) 4.0 also relies on USB-PD PPS

  • It is important to know that many chargers that claim fast charging functionality often do not achieve the top charging speed for devices from Samsung, for example. Samsung Galaxy devices (S20 and above) require a charger that has PPS technology to use Super Fast Charging (SFC)

  • Official Power Delivery documentation

  • Smartphone manufacturer Nubia uses a modification of the PPS protocol to achieve a charge of up to 165W (3.6-20V/8.25A), which requires the use of a proprietary charger and proprietary UsbC-UsbC 9A cable. The Nubia charger supports standard PD and PPS protocols, while the Nubia smartphone can be charged by some third-party chargers via PD/PPS protocols (up to 90W).

  • Vivo Y300 Pro supports PPS up to 35W (9V)

  • Vivo X100 Pro well supports PPS charging. In case up to 11V5A charging range you may get 30-40W, with range up to 21V5A you may get almost 80W (there is no confirmation, but it supposed that 20V5A range might give around 65W).

  • Vivo X200 Pro supports PPS charging 11V5A (around 45W), other ranges are not supported. Using PD charging at fixed voltages you can get 9V3A (11W max).

  • ​Google Pixel 9 Pro requires PPS 11V to reach 27W charging power, Google Pixel 9 Pro XL requires PPS 21V to reach 37W charging power, while PPS 20V options are not accepted by the device and if there is no PPS 21V, the charging is doing at PPS 11V. Supporting PPS up to 21V is not a very common case among usb chargers, but there are some model available.

  • The Google Pixel 10 Pro XL requires PPS 21V to activate the maximum charging power of 45W (rapid charging).

  • iPhone 17 Pro and 17 Pro Max having the latest charging protocol PD3.2 SPR AVS to get 40W charging, which can be provided for example by Apple 40‑watt (60w peak) Dynamic Power Adapter.

  • The nuances of using the PPS protocol for Samsung smartphones (in particular how to get 45W charging) can be found in the article about the SFC protocol.

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QUALCOMM Quick Charge (QC) protocols

 

The most well-known fast charging protocol that is known is Quick Charge. This protocol was developed by the Qualcomm company, which is also known for the Snapdragon chips in many smartphones. It is a proprietary battery charging protocol.

 

Quick charge protocols:

  • Quick Charge 1 was released in 2013, supporting up to 10W of power.

  • Quick Charge 2 was released in 2014, increasing the power output to 36W (60W with HVDCP class B) and introducing features like a High Voltage Dedicated Charging Port (HVDCP) and optional Dual Charge (using 2 power management integrated circuits splitting power into 2 streams decreasing heating).

  • Quick Charge 3 was released in 2016, supporting charging power up to 36W (60W with HVDCP class B) and introducing INOV (Intelligent Negotiation for Optimal Voltage), Battery Saver Technologies, HVDCP+, and optional Dual Charge+. It's compatible with USB-A,USB-C, Micro-USB ports. It is backward compatible with QC 2.0

  • Quick Charge 4 was announced in Dec2016, supporting up to 100W via Qualcomm’s implementation and 27W via USB PD (Power Delivery), including features like HVDCP++, Dual Charge++, INOV 3.0, and Battery Saver Technologies 2 and compatibility with USB PD. Quick Charge 4 chargers are not backward compatible with older Quick Charge.

  • Quick Charge 4+ was announced in June 2017. It introduces Intelligent Thermal Balancing and Advanced Safety Features to eliminate hot spots and protect against overheating and short-circuit or damage to the USB-C connector. Unlike Quick Charge 4, Quick Charge 4+ is fully backward compatible with QC 2 and 3.

  • Quick Charge 5 was announced in July 2020. Supporting up to 100W. This standard is cross-compatible with USB PD PPS. It can double the voltage output from a charger to a power receiver if it has double-cell batteries in series configuration (2S). Devices with a single battery will be able to achieve up to 45W peak charging speeds. Quick Charge 5 is fully backward compatible with all older QC versions.

  • QuickCharge5+ This protocol was announced by Qualcomm in September 2025. It is also based on PD-PPS technology, but offers 140W charging at 20V7A (as opposed to PD140W - 28V5A).

​

Backward compatibility of QC protocols:

Quick Charge versions comparison, QC5+

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HUAWEI FastCharge Protocol (FCP), SuperCharge Protocol (SCP)

​

Huawei devices have their own patented charging protocols, namely FastCharge Protocol (FCP) & SuperCharge Protocol (SCP). Huawei FCP has since been succeeded by SCP.

The FCP charging protocol was released by Huawei in 2015 with a charging speed of 18 W. The charging approach is similar to QC.2.0. Then next year in 2016 first generation of SCP was released with an improved power of 22.5 W. Two years later(2018), Huawei released SCP Gen. 2 on the market with a power output of 40 W and later up to 66W. Huawei SCP 2nd generation original chargers are backward compatible with older charging protocol generations including FCP.

​

Charging protocols:

  • FCP -(20W) - 9V2A, 10V2A (model HW-100200C00) - microUSB, UsbC. There is information that FCP supports 12V2A, but I have not been able to find any Huawei chargers that support FCP-24W.

  • SCP Gen.1 (22.5W) - 4.5V/5A, 5V/4.5A, 10V/2.25A - UabA-UsbC 5A cable required.

  • SCP Gen.2 (66W) - 10V/2.5A, 10V/3A, 5V/8A, 10V/4A, 11V/5A, 20V/3.25A, 11V/6A UsbA-UsbC or UsbC-UsbC (depends on charger version) 6A cable required.

  • SCP (80W) - 11V/6A,10V/4A, 10V/2.25A, 5V/4.5A, 9V/2A, 20V/4A - require UsbA-UsbC 5A cable

  • SCP (88W):

    • 5V/2A, 10V/4A, 20V/4.4A - UsbA-UsbC 6A rated cable required.

    • 5V/3A, 9V/3A, 10V/4A, 12V/3A, 15V/3A, 20V/4.4A - UsbC-UsbC 6A rated cable required.

  • Huawei/HONOR SuperCharge (100W) - 11V/6A,10V/4A, 10V/2.25A, 10V/2A, 20V5A - UsbA-UsbC or UsbC-UsbC (depends on charger version) 6A cable required.

  • SCP (127W): 3.3-21V supported by charging adapter HONOR (HN-200500CP0) UsbC-UsbC

​​​

Note:

  • Baseus 65W GaN5 Pro Charger (CCGAN65C5) supports 50W SCP (3.3-12V)

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Universal Fast Charging Specification (UFCS 1.0/2.0)

​

UFCS (aka fusion fast charging protocol) is the charging protocol collaboratively developed by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), along with companies such as Huawei, OPPO, Vivo, and Xiaomi, it was announced as a first fast charging standard of China. It aims to address the complexity and lack of compatibility among existing fast-charging standards in the market. The specification has been released has been released on the 28th of May 2021.

By March 2024 - 101 products passed UFCS certification.

​

The technology assumed a continuous regulation approach while the output voltage is classified into four programmable properties including 5V, 10V, 20V, and 30V. It is similar to USB PD3.0 PPS in term of voltage and current regulation in order to ensure direct battery charging eliminating power conversion and inevitable energy loses and producing heat while charging.

These properties work in the following range:

  • The 5V works in a range between 3.4V to 5.5V

  • The 10V works in a range between 5.5V to 12V

  • The 20V works in a range between 12V to 21V

  • The 30V works in a range between 21V to 36V

​

Charging using UFCS protocol can be provided as from UsbC as UsbA charger ports, it depends on charger manufacture implementation.

​

UFCS 2.0

On May 22, 2025, Huawei, Honor, Oppo, and Vivo announced the use of the UFCS 2.0 charging protocol in their products.

The main changes in the new protocol compared to version 1.0 are:

  • Permission to use unauthorized (non-certified) charging adapters, chargeable devices, and cables for charging at up to 40W. This step should improve the situation with the adaptation of the protocol by various manufacturers and consumers.

  • Support for reverse charging, allowing users to charge other devices regardless of their brand.  

  • The PowerChange feature becomes a mandatory component. It allows the charger to adjust the power in real time depending on the connected device. This ensures that chargers automatically detect the requirements of the connected device and adjust the output power accordingly, which improves both charging efficiency and user safety, especially when using third-party accessories.

​

Notes:

  • In March 2024 Huawei introduced 140W laptop charger with UFCS support and charging modes 5V2A, 9V3A, 15V5A, 20V7A.

  • Xiaomi introduced a laptop charger 120W with UFCS (5V3A, 9V3A, 11V6.1A, 20V3.25A(for 110VAC input), 20V6A (for 230VAC input))

  • OPPO also present their 121W UFCS charger (5V2A, 5-11V7.3A(for 110VAC input), 5-11V11A(for 230VAC input))

  • 2024 August 14, it was announced by Realme that they have developed a "Supersonic" 320W charger which is compatible with PD, SuperVOOC, and UFCS (320W ensured by 20V charging). This power can be achieved if a smartphone is equipped with a new 4-layer folded battery (4420 mAh) with layers connected in a sequence. No real smartphones exist on the market to support this charging technology with such power level.

  • Some smartphones which support UFCS:

    • OnePlus 13 supports 100W UFCS.

    • OnePlus 13T supports UFCS up to 35W

    • realme GT6 supports UFCS 33W

    • Vivo X100 Pro supports UFCS up to 25W

    • Vivo Y300 Pro supports UFCS up to 25W

  • Some chargers which support UFCS:

    • Huawei SuperCharge car charger model P0019 supports 100W UFCS

    • UGREEN 67W 20000mAh Power Bank (PB550) supports 33W UFCS

    • CUKTECH 10 Mini GaN Charger (AD1203P) supports 60W UFCS (UsbC2 port) and 33W UFCS (UsbA port) 

    • HUNDA 300W (A2319-300W-02, PD3.1 support version) supports UFCS 63W (5.5-11V3A, 11-21V3A) (UsbC1, UsbC2 ports)

    • realme 120W (1A) model VCBBOACH supports UFCS 44W (3.3-5V4A,5-11V4A) and SVOOC 120W(3.3-5V6A,5-11V10.95A)

    • INIU 100W 2C1A supports UFCS 63W(3.4-5.5V3A, 5.5-11V3A, 11-21V3A) (UsbC1, UsbC2 ports)

    • CUKTECH 100W 2C1A (AD1003EU) supports UFCS 33W (UsbA port)

    • Huawei 66W Slim supports UFCS 33W (UsbC port)

    • ​Huawei 66W cube, 100W cube and 140W support UFCS 33W (UsbC port)

    • Baseus Picogo 67W (2C1A) supports UFCS 33W (UsbA port)

    • Vivo 90W 1A (model V9082L0E1) supports UFCS 44W (5-11V4A) (UsbA port)

    • Vivo 120W 1C (model V12060L0A0) supports UFCS 33W (UsbC port)

    • Powerbank AOHi 27600mAh 240W supports UFCS 33W (UsbC port)

    • Powerbank EGIOZR 10000mAh 45W supports UFCS 33W (UsbC port)

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Samsung 2A, Adaptive Fast Charging(AFC), Super Fast Charging(SFC)

​

Samsung exploits 4 types of fast charging protocols: Samsung 2A, AFC, SFC, SFC2.0.

​

Charging protocols:

  • Samsung 2A. 5V2A - 10W. Later was incorporated into the AFC protocol

  • AFC is a proprietary fast-charging technology developed by Samsung for its smartphones and tablets. Samsung's AFC is based on Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0 and knows when to stop the charging process to extend battery life. AFC can deliver (5V2A, 9V/1.67A, 9V2A, 12V2A) up to 24Watts of power. However, Samsung devices compatible with AFC also work with QC2.0 protocol. AFC protocol chargers usually work with UsbA-MicroUSB (5V2A) or UsbA-UsbC (5V2A, 9V/1.67A, 9V2A, 12V2A). For example, the official Samsung EP-TA300 charger supports 12V2A via AFC protocol.

  • SFC (Super Fast Charging) is based on Power Delivery (PD) 3.0 PPS with a peak power of 25W(PD fixed voltage 9V/2.77A, PPS: 3.0 A(3.3-5.9 V) or 2.25 A(3.3-11.0 V)). SFC protocol requires a certified charger (or PPS support) and uses a standard UsbC-UsbC cable.

  • SFC 2.0 supports 45W peak charging (PD fixed voltage: (9/15V)3A, 20V/2.25A, PPS: 4.5A(3.3-11.0 V), 2.8A(3.3-16.0 V), 2.1 A(3.3-21.0 V)) with 5A UsbC-UsbC rated cable with e-maker chip (at least 100W nominal). SFC2.0 protocol requires certified charger or a device supporting PPS with the corresponding voltage range and maximum current.

 

Notes:

  • Together with SFC, Samsung smartphones support PD3.0 PPS charging protocol.

  • Sometimes SFC protocol is called SSFC which stands for Samsung Super Fast Charging.

  • The base versions of the Samsung S22, S23, S24, and S25 smartphones support a maximum power of 25W for wired connections and 15W for wireless connections.

  • The Samsung S22, S23, S24, and S25 smartphones in the Plus and Ultra versions support a maximum power of 45W for wired connections and 15W for wireless connections. However, to activate 45W, the S22, S23, and S24 models (Plus/Ultra) require PPS/SFC2.0 mode supporting 10V4.5A (China Quality Certification Center (CQC) specifies 11V4.05A) and a cable supporting 5A (100W/240W). The S25 Plus/Ultra series smartphones require a different PPS operating mode up to 16V3A, which on the one hand reduces the cable requirements - 3A (i.e., any USB-C to USB-C cable), but on the other hand may require an upgrade of the charger.​​

  • The Samsung S25 FE smartphone supports 45W charging, but it is not yet known on which PPS/SFC2.0 voltage range. Most likely, 45W is achieved under the same conditions as for the S25 Plus/Ultra - PPS up to 16V3A.

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Mediatek (MTK) PumpExpress (PE)

​

MediaTek is the manufacturer of the Helio and Dimensity chips in many smartphones. They developed a unique fast charging protocol exclusive to MediaTek's own chips - PumpExpress Plus. Among smartphone manufacturers, Sony and Meizu were the early adopters of this charging protocol.

​

Charging protocols:

  • PE+1.1 provides output power up to 24W. Fixed voltage: 5V, 7V, 9V, 12V at 1.5-2A. No special cable is required. It is backwards compatible with USB BC1.2, PD2.0. Later up to 3A support was provided.

  • PE+2.0 uses variable voltage in a range from 5V to 20V (0.5V increment). Up to 3A current. Compatible with MicroUSB cables as well as UsbC. Run cable impedance measurement to prevent cable overheating if the cable is not capable of tolerating high current.

  • PE 3.0. Direct battery charge technology. It is based on USB PD. It uses variable voltage 3V-6V (10-20mV per step) and supports 5A+ current (25W max). The protocol is capable of outputting CC (Constant Current) & CV (Constant Voltage. UsbC-UsbC cable.

  • PE 4.0. It is based on USB PD 3.0 PPS. Supports 5A of current. No proprietary cables are required (UsbC-UsbC). Mediatek also adds under the umbrella of PE 4.0 the possibility to charge a smartphone wirelessly through regular Qi wireless charging as well as proprietary wireless charging standard "Pump Express Wireless".

​

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OPPO VOOC, SuperVOOC (SVOOC). OnePlus DASH/WARP charge. Realme SuperDart/UltraDart Charge

 

VOOC stands for Voltage Open Loop Multi-step Constant-Current Charging. It is a proprietary fast-charging method released in 2014 by Oppo.

The technology is used in brands of mobile products under the umbrella of its parent company BBK Electronics. (OPPO, OnePlus, Realme)

Unlike high-voltage/low-current schemes (QC or PE for example), the VOOC series has consistently used a low-voltage, high-current fast charging approach. The core of VOOC is to input current directly from the charger into the phone's battery at a relatively low voltage (5V or lower), eliminating the need for internal high-to-low voltage conversion within the phone (the voltage of the built-in lithium-ion battery in the phone is generally around 4.2~4.4V). This process enhances efficiency and reduces heat generation (in comparison with other fast charging protocols). Additionally, VOOC often incorporates real-time temperature sensors, making it more advantageous in terms of safety.

OPPO increased the contact pins of the Micro USB interface and used custom chargers to implement high-current fast charging.

VOOC and SuperVOOC require a compatible adapter and a cable.

VOOC vs SuperVOOC.

Both fast charge technologies have a common idea of low voltage-high current and a common solution however SuperVOOC usually is more advanced, relying on top-notch components, charging algorithms, charging 2 batteries in a series approach, and additional chips and sensors. From a marketing standpoint, SuperVOOC is positioned as a solution for top-tier smartphones.

​

OPPO in July 2020 introduced 125W Flash Charger. It supports the charging mainstream protocols of 125W PPS, 65W PD, 65W SuperVOOC, 30W VOOC, 36W QC. It also supports a charging scheme from adapter to smartphone up to 20V/6.25A which is converted to 10V/12.5A in smartphone in order to charge a battery. The technology also added temperature sensors to enhance safety protection during the charging time. High current charging requires using improved battery cells with low internal resistance which can handle up to 6C charge (12.5A) connected in a sequence (2S formation). USB connector has been improved in order to withstand such current level.

SuperVOOC 150W Flash charge/UltraDart. 20V/7.5A from charger converted to 10V/15A in smartphone and then split by 5V15A between 2 batteries in smartphone. Charger is compatible with USB PD and PPS protocols.

​

Charging protocols:

 

Note:

  • OPPO VOOC, OnePlus (DASH), and Realme all belong to the VOOC series, and accessories from these three brands are mutually and downward compatible however it's not guaranteed in the future.

  • SuperVOOC 1.0 chargers may charge VOOC/Dash/Warp30 devices but no more than half of the speed as SuperVOOC design is supposed to have 2 batteries in a smartphone and VOOC/Warp compatible smartphones have only one cell battery.

  • Some OPPO smartphones are capable to use USB PD chargers.

  • SuperVOOC charges at the beginning are not compatible with alternative charging protocols like USB PD, but lately modern versions of SuperVOOC UscC chargers are also support popular standards like QC, PD, PPS and UFCS.

  • SuperVOOC charging cables are backward compatible with older technology generations (VOOC, Dash, Warp)

  • SuperVOOC UsbA-UsbC proprietary cables have an additional signal pin on the UsbA side and larger pins for high current transfer (up to 9.1A).

  • Realme announced Supersonic fast charging technology with 320w charging speed, however it based not on SuperVOOC but on UFCS charging technology.​

  • Charger realme 120W (1A) model VCBBOACH supports SVOOC 120W(3.3-5V6A,5-11V10.95A) with original 12A-rated UsbA-UsbC cable.

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Meizu mCharge, Super mCharge

​

Meizu's mCharge and Super mCharge solutions are proprietary fast-charging technologies.

mCharge protocol is based on MTK PE+1.1 protocol.

Super mCharge which was introduced in 2017. It can deliver up to 55W of power (11V max, 5A max).

Meizu is using a charge pump, a type of DC-to-DC converter that uses an external circuit to control the connection of capacitors to the input voltage.

For Super mCharge, Meizu divides the input voltage in half, which doubles the output current. To accommodate the current increase

Super mCharge includes voltage, current, and temperature monitoring for battery health and safety. Because the regular USB Type-C cable can't conduct more than 3A of current, it includes an E-mark IC (electronically marked safety chip) on one connector. 

​

Charging protocols:

  • mCharge: 5V/3A, 8V/3A, 12V/2A - 24W (UsbA-UsbC cable)

  • Super mCharge: 11V max/5A max - 55W (UsbC-UsbC 5A with e-maker chip cable)

​

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Mi Fast charge, SuperCharge Turbo, Xiaomi Hypercharge

​

As a competitor of Oppo, Xiaomi launched its own fast charging protocol. The first iteration was called the Mi Fast Charge and SuperCharge Turbo. These technologies are modifications of Qualcomm’s QC.

Later Xiaomi developed a new proprietary charging protocol the HyperCharge which has a top charging speed of 120W based on modified USB PD PPS protocol.  

This high-power charging requires to use of an improved electrolyte formula and battery materials such as graphene for greater conductivity than traditional lithium-ion batteries. A Xiaomi/Redmi smartphone designed to have dual-cell battery design.

In February 2023, Xiaomi presented the 300W and 210W HyperCharge charging technology. Each compatible smartphone has dual battery 15C cells which are capable of handling 30A of charging current.

The Hypercharge protocol is used in Xiaomi, Redmi, and POCO smartphones.

​

Xiaomi charging protocols:

  • Fast charge: 10W, 15W, 18W (UsbA-UsbC)

  • SuperCharge Turbo: 33W, 50W, 67W (UsbA-UsbC)

  • HyperCharge 90W(UsbA): 3.6-11V/6.1A, 3.6-20V/4A, 3.6-20V/4.5A (6A UsbA-UsbC proprietary cable required)

  • HyperCharge 100W(UsbA): 5V/3A, 9V/3A, 12V/3A, 15V3A, 20V/5A, 3.6-20V/5A (UsbA-UsbC 5A proprietary cable required)

  • HyperCharge 120W(UsbA): 5V/3A, 9V/3A, 11V/6A, 20V6A, 5-20V/3-6A (UsbA-UsbC proprietary cable required)

  • HyperCharge 120W(UsbC): 5V/3A, 9V/3A, 11V/6.1A, 20V6A (20V3.25A for 110VAC) (UsbC-UsbC proprietary 6A rated cable required)

  • HyperCharge 210W: 5V/3A, 9V/3A, 11V/6A Max, 17W/10.5A Max, 20V/10.5A Max (UsbC-UsbC proprietary cable required)

  • HyperCharge 300W: (UsbC-UsbC proprietary cable required)

​

Notes:

  • Xiaomi phones with Qualcomm Snapdragon processors support Qualcomm QC fast charging protocol

  • Xiaomi smartphones which support Xiaomi HyperCharge also trigger nearly 50W of fast charging power when using third-party USB PD and PD PPS chargers, also capable of using QC charging protocol.

  • 120W Xiaomi HyperCharge charges (UsbA and UsbC versions) also support: UFCS 33W, QC2.0 (5,9,12V), QC3.0(3.6-20V), PD3.0 65W

  • CUKTECH 2in1 cable - Can receive power from PD charging and charge connected devices, including via the Xiaomi HyperCharge protocol

  • MIIIW CB510 Pro 100W Two-in-One Supercharging Cable (model iCB1013Y) also supports the Xiaomi HyperCharge protocol with a power output of up to 90W (4.5-20V4.5A), converting the energy received from standard PD charging.

  • Some chargers with Xiaomi HyperCharge support:

    • Anker GaNPrime Lite 100W 2C1A model A121B with screen - supports Xiaomi HyperCharge protocol with power up to 90W (4.5-20V4.5A)

    • ​СUKTECH 30 Charging Station Ultra (3C1A+DC) supports Xiaomi HyperCharge 120W as well as PD 140W, UFCS 44W and many other common protocols.

    • CUKTECH 67W CP6 GaN Charger (AD653W) supports Xiaomi HyperCharge 67W

    • UGREEN 67W 20000mAh Power Bank (PB550) supports 67W Xiaomi HyperCharge​

    • CUKTECH 10 Mini GaN Charger (AD1203P) supports 120W Xiaomi HyperCharge (6A proprietary UsbC-UsbC cable is needed)

    • CUKTECH GaN 65W 2C1A charger supports 65W Xiaomi HyperCharge using standard PD3.0/PD3.1 5A-rated cable.

    • CUKTECH 100W 2C1A (AD1003EU) charger supports 120W Xiaomi HyperCharge (6A proprietary UsbC-UsbC cable is needed) or 100W Xiaomi HyperCharge with standard PD3.0/PD3.1 5A-rated cable.

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vivo/iQOO Flashcharge, Super Flashcharge (VFCP)

 

FlashCharge is the fast charging technology developed and used by vivo, which is currently mainly used in vivo and IQOO smartphones. Like other fast charging technologies. Due to the exclusive protocol used on the chip side, it can't be used in other smartphone brands.

In 2020 vivo registered a new trademark for their charging technology called Super FlashCharge which is capable of delivering 120W to smartphones. It uses a dual battery cell design and dual-charge pump IC to charge batteries simultaneously. Charging pumps reduce input voltage and charge each battery cell to 5V12A.

Super FlashCharge is capable of charging using older FlashCharge protocols as well.

vivo and iQOO have close ties, and their products use the same Flash Charge and SuperFlashCharge charging protocols.

The technology requires to use of proprietary cables and chargers.

​

Charging protocols:

  • FlashCharge 18W: 5V/2A, 9V/2A (UsbA-UsbC cable)

  • FlashCharge 33W: 5V/2A, 9V/2A, 11V/3A (UsbA-UsbC cable)

  • FlashCharge 44W: 5V/2A, 9V/2A, 11V/4A (UsbA-UsbC cable)

  • Super FlashCharge 66W: 5V/2A, 9V/2A,11V/3A, 11V/5A, 20V/3.3A (UsbA-UsbC cable)

  • FlashCharge 80W: 5V/3A, 9V/2A, 11V/7.3A (UsbA-UsbC 8A rated cable)

  • FlashCharge 90W: 11V4A (120VAC), 11V/8.2A (240VAC) (UsbA-UsbC 8.5A rated cable)

  • FlashCharge 120W (V12060L0A1-CN model): 5V/3A, 9V/2A, 11V7.3A, 20V/6A (UsbA-UsbC 6A rated cable)

  • Super FlashCharge 120W: 5V/2A, 9V/2A,11V/3A, 11V/5A, 20/1.7A, 20V/3.3A, 20/4A, 20V6A (UsbA-UsbC 6A rated cable)

  • Super FlashCharge 120W: 5V/2A, 9V/2A, 10V/2.25A, 11V/3A, 11V/5A, 20/1.7A, 20V/3.3A, 20/4A, 20V6A (UsbC-UsbC 6A rated cable). 

  • Super FlashCharge 200W: 5V/2A 9V/2A 11V/6A, 20V/6A, 20V/10A (UsbC-UsbC 10A rated cable)

​

Notes:

  • The charger with FlashCharge 90W (UsbA-UsbC) is capable of providing the following in addition to the proprietary VFCP charging protocol: UFCS (5-11V4A) 44W, QC2.0 (5V, 9V), DCP

  • The charger with Super FlashCharge 120W support (USB-C to USB-C) is capable of providing the following in addition to the proprietary VFCP charging protocol: DCP, QC2.0 (5V, 9V), PD3.0 (5V3A, 9V3A, 12V3A, 15V3A, 20V5A), PPS (5-20V5A), UFCS (44W).

  • The charger with Super FlashCharge 200W support, in addition to the proprietary VFCP charging protocol, is also capable of providing PD: 5V3A, 9V3A, 12V3A, 15V3A, 20V3.25A and PD PPS: 5-20/3.25A.

  • The iQOO Neo9 Pro smartphone, in addition to FlashCharge (VFCP), also supports PD3.0 (up to 35W), PD3.0 PPS (up to 34W), and UFCS (up to 27W).

  • iQOO Z10 Turbo Pro smartphone supports FlashCharge (VFCP) as well as PPS (up to 80W, 5A)​

  • vivo X90 pro in addition to FlashCharge (VFCP up to 100W) support only PD (around 17W), no PPS support.

  • vivo Y300 Pro in addition to FlashCharge (VFCP до 63W UsbA charger, 55W UsbC charger) support PD (around 11W), PPS up to 35W and UFCS up to 25W.

  • vivo X100 pro and X200 pro smartphones in addition to FlashCharge (VFCP), support PD (around 11W) and PPS (from 45W to 80W depending on the model).

  • vivo smartphones support FlashCharge (VFCP) from proprietary chargers using standard 100W/240W cables, limiting the charging current to 5A and reach charging power around 70W.

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Apple fast charge protocol 

 

Despite Apple using USB ports in power adapters at the beginning they are using the proprietary protocol APPLE 2.4A and it's out of USB standard.

However, since 18W charger (A1695), Apple chargers use universal USB PD charging protocol and can charge 3d party devices as well as Apple devices can be charged from 3d party USB PD chargers.

The most powerful adapter Apple sells for iPhones is 20W, more powerful versions are designed to be used with iPads and laptops. However, Apple PD charges can charge laptops, iPads, and iPhones.

​

Apple chargers versions:

  • 5W (5V1A)

  • 10W (5.1V2.1A)

  • APPLE 2.4A proprietary charging protocol - 12W (5.2V2.4A)

  • 18W (5V3A, 9V2A) 

  • 20W (5.3V9.22A)

  • 29W (5.2V2.4A, 14.5V2A)

  • 30W (5V3A, 9V3A, 15V2A, 20V1.5A)

  • 35W (5V3A, 9V3A, 15V2.33A, 20V1.75A)

  • 61W (5V2.4A, 9V3A, 15V3A, 20.3V3A)

  • 67W PD3.1 EPR (5.2V3A, 9V3A,15V3A,20.3V3.3A)

  • 70W (5V3A, 9V3A, 15V3A, 20.6V3.4A)

  • 87W PD2.0 (5.2V/2.4A, 9V/3A, 20.2V/4.3A)

  • 96W (5.2V/3A, 9V3A, 15V3A, 20.5V4.7A)

  • 140W PD3.1 (5.2V/3A, 9V3A, 15V5A, 20.5V5A, 28V5A)

​

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Anker PowerIQ


Anker's PowerIQ fast charging is a bit different from other fast charging technologies. It works with most phones that have fast charging circuits. PowerIQ identifies the connected device and varies voltage output for optimized charging speeds within supported Voltage/current intervals. It is compatible with the most common fast charging protocols: Apple 5V2.4A, QC, PD, PD PPS.

 

There are 4 generations of Power IQ (PIQ):

  • Power IQ 1.0: (5V/2.4A) - up to 12W (UsbA-micro USB/lightning cable)

  • Power IQ 2.0 = PIQ1.0 +compatible with QC3.0 (5V1A, 5V2.4A, 5V2A, 9V2A, 12V1.5A) - up to 18W (UsbA-UsbC/micro USB/lightning cable)

  • Power IQ 3.0=PIQ2.0 and PD3.0, PD PPS  (5V2.4A,  9V3A, 15V3A, 20V5A, PPS 5-11V/5A) - up to 100W (UsbC-UsbC cable)

  • Power IQ 4.0=PIQ3.0 and Dynamic Power Distribution (automatically detects and adjusts the voltage output of connected devices and shortens the overall charging time redistribution excessive power budget among connected devices). For example Anker successfully implement PowerIQ4.0 technology with the top-tier charging adapter Anker Prime 240W GaN Desktop Charger.​

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Motorola Rapid Charging and TurboPower

​

Motorola offers two charging technologies: Rapid Charging and TurboPower.

​

Charge protocols:

  • Rapid Charging - 10W (5V/2A) UsbA-microUSB or UsbA-UsbC cables.

  • TurboPower 18W (QC3.0 compatible) (5V3A, 9V2A, 12V1.5A) There are 2 versions: version with UsbC-UsbC cable or version with UsbA-microUSB cable.

  • TurboPower 20W (QC3.0 compatible) (5V3A, 10V2A, 12V1.67A) UsbA-UsbC cable.

  • TurboPower 27W (QC4.0+. USB PD compatible) (5V3A, 9V3A, 15V1.8A) UsbC-UsbC cable

  • TurboPower 30W (QC4.0+. USB PD compatible) (5V3A, 9V3A, 10V3A) UsbC-UsbC cable

  • TurboPower 50W (QC3.0/4.0+. USB PD compatible) (UsbC50W: 5V3A, 9/3A, 15V3A, 20V2.5A, UsbA20W: 5V3A, 9V2A, 12V1.67A) UsbA-UsbC and UsbC-UsbC cable

  • TurboPower 68W (QC4.0+. USB PD compatible) (5V3A, 9V3A, 15V3A, 20V3.4A,11V6.2A) - require special 6.5A UsbC-UsbC cable with e-maker

  • TurboPower 125W (QC4.0+. USB PD, USB PD PPS compatible) (5V3A, 9V3A, 15V3A, 20V6.25A, 5-20V6.25A) - require special 6.5A UsbC-UsbC cable with e-maker

​

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Spreadtrum SFCP

​

The SFCP protocol is a fast charging protocol launched by Spreadtrum chipmaker back in 2016, which can theoretically provide a variable voltage of 5V-20V. The protocol did not become popular and very few products support it. As an example Sharge 100W charger supports SFCP at 5V, 9V and 12V voltage levels

​

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Infinix TFCP

 

The most recent Infinix charging technology is 260W All Round Fast Charge. 

This charging system relies on a proprietary 20V GaN charger which is compatible with PD 3.0 and a branded 13A USB-C cable. The battery is a single 12C battery.
 

Infinix Charge protocols:

  • Infinix 10W (5V2A) UsbA-MicroUSB cable

  • Infinix 15W (5V2A, 7V1.8A, 9V1.8A, 12V1.3A) UsbA-MicroUSB cable

  • Supercharge 18W (5V2.4A, 7.5V2.4A) Requires proprietary UsbA-UsbC cable

  • Supercharge 33W (5V2A, 10V3.3A) Requires proprietary UsbA-UsbC cable

  • Supercharge 45W (5V2A, 6-10V4.5A) Requires proprietary UsbA-UsbC cable

  • FlashCharge 65W (9V5A, 10V6.5A) Requires proprietary UsbA-UsbC cable

  • FlashCharge 68W (5V2A, 11V6.2A, 4-21V3.25A) supports PD3.0 45W, Requires proprietary UsbA-UsbC cable

  • FlashCharge 120W (5V3A, 9V3A, 12V2.25A, 11V6A, 20V6A) Requires proprietary UsbA-UsbC cable

  • Ultra Flash Charge 160W (PD: 5-15V3A,20V5A, PPS:3.6V-20V 5.1A, 20V8A) Requires proprietary UsbA-UsbC cable

  • Thunder Charge (Hyper charger) 180W (5V3A, 4V-20V9A) (Smartphone uses 2x 8C batteries in series). Requires proprietary UsbC-UsbC cable. The charger beside TFCP also supports 100W-PD3.0(5V3A,9V3A,15V3A,20V5A),PPS(3.3-21V5A),QC5.0, QC2/3 (5V,9V, 3.6-9V)

  • All Round Fast Charge 260W (20V13A). Requires proprietary UsbC-UsbC cable. 

​​

Note:

HUNDA 300W (A2319-300W-02, PD3.1 support version) supports TFCP (UsbC1, UsbC2 ports)

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ASUS BoostMaster and ROG Hyper Charge

​​

Asus developed (adopted and branded) 2 versions of charging technologies: Boostmaster and ROG Hyper Charge.

ASUS Boostmaster:

  • ASUS BoostMaster 18W: (5V2A, 9V2A) UsbA-UsbC cable

  • ASUS ZenFone 2 BoostMaster 18W: (5V2A, 15V1.2A) UsbA-UsbC cable

​

ASUS ROG Hyper Charge:

This technology derives and compatible with PD3.0 and PPS (which is also called Direct Charge)

  • ROG Hyper Charge 65W charger supports next charging options: 5V/3A, 9V/3A, 15V/3A and 20V/3.25A

 

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PoweredUSB

 

PoweredUSB, also known as Retail USB, USB PlusPower, USB +Power, and USB Power Plus.

It allows for higher-power devices to obtain power through their USB host instead of requiring an independent power supply or external AC adapter.

It is mostly used in point-of-sale equipment, such as receipt printers, touch monitors, and barcode readers.

 

There are different power shapes and color-coded versions of plugs:

  • Grey/Yellow - 5V (7.5-30 W)

  • Teal - 12V (18-72 W)

  • Red - 24V (55.2-144 W)

  • Violet (alternative) - 19V

  • Red (alternative) - 25V

  • Black - alternative for any voltages higher than 5 V

more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PoweredUSB

​

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Fast charging protocols and cable detection supported by USB testers

​

Information about comparison between USB testers and their abilities to detect different USB fast charging protocols and USB cables identification you may find on this page.​

Additional information:

​

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